@Ferrotter  
The most back ones are the rudders and the more forward ones are on the original called ‘Schräge Musik’ (meaning ‘slanted music’) They are upward firing machine guns to take down other planes while flying at a lower altitude below them.
 
In this picture they looks less like machine guns and more like fins (which i quite like :D).

Repeat post.

@thps48  
I think the smaller spikes on the tail are radio antennas, and the bigger ones are twin ruddervators.
 
Actually, checking the source link says it’s the plane pony from , a Do 217 N-2 night fighter. Radars back then weren’t just little dishes inside the nose, they had antennas sticking out all over to achieve the transmit power necessary to see other planes through the very noisy early electronics. They also usually had to be guided towards the target by more powerful ground radars before they could get their own in position for final aiming. Hence the need for radio antennas far back from the radar ones.

Dragon Plane? :D